語法專題一 定語從句
定語從句在句中作定語,修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的名詞或者代詞被稱為先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。引導定語從句的詞被稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,它們在先行詞和定語從句之間起引導作用,在意義上代替先行詞,在定語從句中充當一個成分。其基本解題方法是:第一,找出先行詞;第二,看先行詞在定語從句中充當?shù)某煞,作主語、賓語、表語或定語時要用關(guān)系代詞,如果作狀語,則要選用關(guān)系副詞;第三,看先行詞是否為特殊詞,然后根據(jù)需要選用合適的關(guān)系詞。
考點一 關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別
關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充當關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當主語、賓語、表語和定語。關(guān)系副詞有when,where和why,在定語從句中充當狀語。
1.who指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
2.whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語,?墒÷。
Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about just now.
3.which 指物,在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時常可省略。
The book which he gave me is very interesting.
4.that 指人時,相當于who 或whom;指物時,相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時常可省略。
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
5.whose可指人或物,修飾名詞或代詞,在定語從句中充當定語。“whose+名詞”可改為“the+名詞+of which/whom”或“of which/whom the+名詞”。
The house whose windows are very large is my uncle's.=The house of which the windows are very large is my uncle's.