閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
When it comes to Albert Einstein (1879-1955), it's easy to imagine an old, crazy-haired genius. But before he ever came up with the theory of relativity, Einstein was a 23-year-old patent clerk, working for the minimum wage. Young Einstein decided to earn some extra cash tutoring physics. He put up an ad, and Maurice Solovine, a student of philosophy, responded. The two did not do much traditional studying, but instead chatted about philosophy. Conrad Habicht, a mathematician and a friend of Einstein, joined their debates. They jokingly called themselves the Olympia Academy.
We’ve gathered together some books the members of the Olympia Academy read and discussed. Maybe the literature that inspired Einstein can inspire you to be clever, too.
A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume
David Hume, a 18th-century Scottish philosopher, was always suspicious. He believed “everything we know is really just a matter of probability”. He argued “reason doesn’t motivate people’’, which led to all sorts of questions, such as “So what’s motivating you to write this?”
“The chief benefit, which results from philosophy, arises in an indirect manner, and more from its secret insensible influence, than from its immediate application,” Hume wrote.
Analysis of Sensations by Ernst Mach
An Austrian philosopher Ernst Mach wrote about how mysterious senses are. In an attempt to figure out how humans experience balance, Mach cleverly built a turning chairs , which used shades of gray bands to show that the colors people saw were deeply affected by the colors around them.
Science and Hypothesis by Henri Poincare
Henri Poincare, a 19th-century French philosopher, was also a theoretical physicist, an engineer and a mathematician. At college, he was fantastic at math. He created his special theory and wrote Science and Hypothesis. Some of his thoughts actually sowed the seeds for Einstein’s theory of relativity, such as the idea that time is relative.
1. What did the members of the Olympia Academy have in common?
A. They lived on high wages.
B. They tended to laugh at each other.
C. They loved reading and studying.
D. They were 18th-century mathematicians.
2. Which of the following does David Hume agree with?
A. Reason motivates people.
B. Every human sense is mysterious.
C. People should see everything with doubt.
D. The chief benefit of philosophy arises directly.
3. Who probably inspired Einstein’s theory of relativity?
A. Conrad Habicht. B. David Hume. C. Ernst Mach. D. Henri Poincare.
【答案】1. C2. C3. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了奧林匹亞學(xué)院的成員喜歡閱讀和討論的書。
【1題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二自然段“We’ve gathered together some books the members of the Olympia Academy read and discussed. (我們收集了一些奧林匹亞學(xué)院成員閱讀和討論的書籍。)”可知，奧林匹亞學(xué)院成員喜歡閱讀和討論。故選C。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume部分 “David Hume, a 18th-century Scottish philosopher, was always suspicious. He believed “everything we know is really just a matter of probability”. (18世紀(jì)的蘇格蘭哲學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·休謨總是疑心重重。他認(rèn)為“我們所知道的一切都只是概率問(wèn)題”。)”的可知，David Hume 認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該懷疑地看待一切。故選C。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Science and Hypothesis by Henri Poincare部分“Henri Poincare, a 19th-century French philosopher, was also a theoretical physicist, an engineer and a mathematician. At college, he was fantastic at math. He created his special theory and wrote Science and Hypothesis. Some of his thoughts actually sowed the seeds for Einstein’s theory of relativity, such as the idea that time is relative. (亨利·龐加萊（Henri Poincare），19世紀(jì)法國(guó)哲學(xué)家，也是一位理論物理學(xué)家、工程師和數(shù)學(xué)家。在大學(xué)里，他數(shù)學(xué)很好。他創(chuàng)立了自己的特殊理論，并撰寫了《科學(xué)與假說(shuō)》。他的一些思想實(shí)際上為愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論埋下了種子，比如時(shí)間是相對(duì)的。)”可知，Henri Poincare可能激勵(lì)了愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論。故選D。
