在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。
A real friend is someone who① walks in when the rest of the world walk out.A real friend is someone whose② support we can count on.A real friend is someone who① sees our true self，not just the face who/whom/that③ we show to the world.Yet these days，the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.We may be able to make many friends online，but these friendships can be quite shallow.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends who/whom/that③ we love.Texting and messaging cannot take the place of face-to-face chatting.“Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which/that④ matter most to us.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which/that④ we share.To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.
[規(guī)則感悟] ①關(guān)系詞指人作主語(yǔ)，可以用who，that引導(dǎo)。若先行詞為someone，anyone，one等時(shí)，關(guān)系詞只能用who。②關(guān)系詞作定語(yǔ)，用whose引導(dǎo)，既可以指人也可以指物。③關(guān)系詞指人作賓語(yǔ)，可以用who，whom，that引導(dǎo)。④關(guān)系詞指物作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，可以用which，that引導(dǎo)。
1．who，whom和whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
(1)who和whom都指人。who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略。在口語(yǔ)中可用who代替whom。
(2)whose指人的或物的，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，指物時(shí)可用of which代替，指人時(shí)可用of whom代替。
Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.
有些成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，在其他領(lǐng)域常常會(huì)失敗。
I have many friends (who/whom) I’m going to send postcards to.
我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片給他們。
My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.
我的大兒子目前在紐約，他的工作使他在全世界到處跑。
