I. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (10分)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A team of engineers at Harvard University ____1____ (inspire) by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. ____2____ (design) to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform ____3____ (control) flight tasks.
“It’s extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components (元件),” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who ____4____ (work) on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start ____5____ (pierce) together the components. “The ____6____ (add) difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,” he said.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of devices, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well,” said Wood. The flight device ____7____(build) into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the ____8____ (fly) robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually ____9____ (equip) it with a built-in power source, so that it can someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields _____10_____ on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,” he said.
【答案】1. has been inspired
2. Designed
3. controlled
4. has worked##has been working
5. to pierce##piercing
6. added 7. was built
8. flying 9. to equip
10. or
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的一個(gè)工程師團(tuán)隊(duì)創(chuàng)造了第一個(gè)機(jī)器人飛行器。
【1題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：哈佛大學(xué)的一個(gè)工程師團(tuán)隊(duì)受到《自然》的啟發(fā)，創(chuàng)造了第一個(gè)機(jī)器人飛行器。根據(jù)句意及后文中has become可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，謂語動詞inspire和主語A team of engineers之間是被動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)（have/has been done），因主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填has been inspired。
【2題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：這個(gè)微型機(jī)器的設(shè)計(jì)目的是做蒼蠅自然會做的事情，它只有一只肥胖的家蠅大小。分析可知，非謂語動詞design和主語the tiny machine之間是被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作狀語。句首字母大寫，故填Designed。
【3題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：它的迷你機(jī)翼使其能夠在空中停留并執(zhí)行受控飛行任務(wù)。分析可知，此處為非謂語，動詞control和所修飾的名詞短語flight tasks之間是被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作前置定語。故填controlled。
【4題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“對我們來說，把它作為一個(gè)整體來考慮，而不僅僅是一堆單獨(dú)組件的總和，這是極其重要的，”哈佛大學(xué)工程學(xué)教授Robert Wood說，他在機(jī)器人飛行項(xiàng)目上工作了十多年。分析可知，此處為定語從句中的謂語，根據(jù)語境和時(shí)間狀語for over a decade可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有繼續(xù)下去的趨勢，主語who指代先行詞，為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填has worked / has been working。
【5題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：幾年前，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)得到許可，開始一起突破組件。start to do sth和start doing sth都是固定短語，習(xí)慣表達(dá)，此處區(qū)別不大，故用動詞不定式或動名詞作賓語。故填to pierce/piercing。
【6題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：他說：“像這樣一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的額外困難是，這些組件實(shí)際上都不是現(xiàn)成的，所以我們必須自己開發(fā)。”分析可知，非謂語動詞add和所修飾的名詞difficulty之間是被動關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作前置定語。故填added。
【7題詳解】
考查語態(tài)。句意：該飛行裝置內(nèi)置在一套動力、計(jì)算、傳感和控制系統(tǒng)中。分析可知，謂語動詞build和主語之間是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)（be done），根據(jù)前文可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，主謂一致，故填was built。
【8題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：Wood說，該項(xiàng)目的成功證明，這些微小部件的飛行機(jī)器人是可以制造和成批生產(chǎn)的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用動名詞flying作定語修飾名詞robot，相當(dāng)于robot for flying。故填flying。
【9題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：雖然這第一個(gè)機(jī)器人飛行器與一個(gè)小型的非車載電源相連，但最終的目標(biāo)是為它配備一個(gè)內(nèi)置的電源，以便有一天它可以在救援地點(diǎn)、農(nóng)民的田地或戰(zhàn)場上進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集工作。根據(jù)句意及前文is可知，此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作表語，說明主語的目的。故填to equip。
【10題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：雖然這第一個(gè)機(jī)器人飛行器與一個(gè)小型的非車載電源相連，但最終的目標(biāo)是為它配備一個(gè)內(nèi)置的電源，以便有一天它可以在救援地點(diǎn)、農(nóng)民的田地或戰(zhàn)場上進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)收集工作。根據(jù)句意和前文in farmers’ fields及后文on the battlefield可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞or“或者”，連接兩個(gè)介詞短語，表示選擇。故填or。
