Ⅰ.完形填空
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist? A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full __1__ of the facts he observes.He doesn't accept ideas which are not __2__ on obvious facts, and therefore __3__ to accept authority as the only reason for truth.He always checks ideas __4__ and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of __5__ science may perhaps be considered to __6__ as far back as the __7__ of Roger Bacon, the wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived __8__ the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the middle ages to suggest that we must learn science __9__ observing and experimenting on the things around us, and he himself __10__ many important truths.
Galileo (1564－1642), however, who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, __11__ began to show how many important __12__ could be discovered by observation by degrees.Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies fell more __13__ towards the earth than small ones, __14__ Aristotle said so.But Galileo, going to the __15__ of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two __16__ iron balls and proved Aristotle was wrong.It was Galileo's __17__ of going direct to nature, and proving our __18__ and theories by experiment that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
What __19__ those people good scientists? From the example of Galileo, we know it clearly that successful scientists are those whose observations have __20__ better results.
1．A.use B．time
C．speed D．trust
解析：選A 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處是指一個(gè)成功的科學(xué)家通常是一個(gè)好的觀察者，他充分利用他觀察到的事實(shí)。make full use of意為“充分利用”。
2．A.relied B．based
C．insisted D．centered
解析：選B 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作為一個(gè)科學(xué)家，要充分利用事實(shí)，自然不能接受不以明顯事實(shí)為根據(jù)的想法。be based on ...意為“以……為基礎(chǔ)/根據(jù)”。
3．A.refuses B．desires
C．intends D．regrets
解析：選A 根據(jù)空格前后的“He doesn't accept ideas ... and therefore ________ to accept”可知，他不接受不基于顯而易見(jiàn)的事實(shí)的觀點(diǎn)，因此拒絕接受把權(quán)威視作事實(shí)的唯一理由。此處指的“拒絕”。
4．A.casually B．carefully
C．quickly D．secretly
解析：選B 結(jié)合空格前后的“He always checks ideas ________ and makes experiments to prove them.”可知，此處是指他總是會(huì)仔細(xì)地核對(duì)各種想法和觀點(diǎn)，并做實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明這些想法。
5．A.natural B．physical
C．ancient D．modern
解析：選D 根據(jù)第三段最后一句“... that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.”可知，此處表示的是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)。
6．A.date B．keep
C．look D．come
解析：選A 根據(jù)下文的“... the years 1214 and 1292”可知，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起可追溯到很早的時(shí)候。date back為固定搭配，意為“追溯到……”。
7．A.study B．time
C．year D．birth
解析：選B 根據(jù)空格后面的“... the years 1214 and 1292.”可知，此處表示現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的興起也許可以追溯到羅杰·培根那個(gè)時(shí)代。
8．A.both B．each
C．between D．among
解析：選C 本句是指羅杰·培根生活在1214年至1292年之間。between ... and ...意為“在……和……之間”。
9．A.in B．with
C．on D．by
解析：選D 根據(jù)后面的“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知，此處是指通過(guò)(by)觀察和檢驗(yàn)我們周?chē)氖挛铩?span lang="EN-US">
10．A.brought B．discovered
C．took D．gave
解析：選B 結(jié)合下文“many important truths”可知，本句是指他自己發(fā)現(xiàn)(discovered)了許多重要的真理。
11．A.who B．when
C．that D．where
解析：選A 本句是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為“Galileo”，指人要用關(guān)系詞who。
12．A.truths B．problems
C．people D．subjects
解析：選A 由空格后的“could be discovered by observation by degrees”和第二段最后一句中的“many important truths”可知，很多真理可以通過(guò)觀察得到發(fā)現(xiàn)。
13．A.slowly B．rapidly
C．lightly D．heavily
解析：選B 根據(jù)空格前后的“large bodies fell more ________ towards the earth than small ones”可知，在伽利略之前，學(xué)者們認(rèn)為從同一高度下落，重的物體比輕的物體自由落體的速度更快。
14．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
解析：選B 根據(jù)空后的“Aristotle said so”可知，這里表明因?yàn)?span lang="EN-US">(because)亞里士多德是這樣說(shuō)的。
15．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
解析：選C 根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，伽利略從比薩斜塔的頂部，扔下了兩個(gè)鐵球。
16．A.big B．small
C．equal D．unequal
解析：選D 根據(jù)上文的“large bodies fell more ________ towards the earth than small ones”可知，此處表示扔下了兩個(gè)不同重量的鐵球。
17．A.spirit B．skill
C．theory D．discovery
解析：選A 這是伽利略探索自然的精神(spirit)。
18．A.plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
解析：選B 此處與后面的“theories(理論)”相呼應(yīng)，是指通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)(opinions)和理論。
19．A.makes B．prevents
C．considers D．promises
解析：選A 由下文的“are those whose observations have ________ better results”可知，此處是說(shuō)“是什么使這些人成為優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家？”make意為“使成為……”。
20．A.foreseen B．rejected
C．produced D．challenged
解析：選C 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處是指我們清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到，成功的科學(xué)家是那些通過(guò)觀察得出更好的結(jié)果的人。
