第1招 表達(dá)正確——規(guī)避常犯的9大錯(cuò)誤
考生寫作中常犯的錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)在詞性不明、措辭不當(dāng)、用法不妥、重復(fù)累贅、句法混亂、中式英語、拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)有誤等。下面通過整理歸類,列舉正誤例句,指出錯(cuò)誤所在,總結(jié)其規(guī)律,以便幫助考生盡快提高英語書面語言的準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)能力。
一、詞性不明
1.誤:Everyone in my family is like the dog.
正:Everyone in my family likes the dog.
分析:作者的原意是:我們?nèi)叶枷矚g這只狗。但錯(cuò)誤例句所傳遞的信息卻是:我們?nèi)叶枷窆贰S⒄Z中的like主要用作動(dòng)詞(喜歡)、名詞(愛好)、介詞(像)。弄清“like的眾兄弟”(like, unlike, dislike, likely, alike, look like, would like, feel like )的詞性和搭配很有必要,以便做到觸類旁通。
2.誤:Those who strongly against the idea think animals will lose their freedom and nature if caged in the zoo.
正:Those who are strongly against the idea think animals will lose their freedom and nature if caged in the zoo.
分析:誤將介詞作動(dòng)詞:against(反對)是介詞而不是動(dòng)詞,用介詞表達(dá)動(dòng)作意義,要加系動(dòng)詞be; for為其反義詞,意為“同意”。
二、措辭不當(dāng)
1.誤:Not until I got back to the hotel did I realize I had forgotten my luggage in the taxi.
正:Not until I got back to the hotel did I realize I had left my luggage in the taxi.
分析:表示把某物“遺忘,落下”,并且句中有地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)要用leave。
2.誤:Under the help of my classmates and teachers, I managed to make up for the lessons I had missed.
正:With the help of my classmates and teachers, I managed to make up for the lessons I had missed.
正:Thanks to the help of my classmates and teachers, I managed to make up for the lessons I had missed.
分析:思維方式差異:“在……的幫助下”實(shí)則是“由于……的幫助”, under常用于“under the leadership/protection of ...”。