Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A few weeks ago, my eldest son, who is in his first year teaching fourth grade in a public elementary school, ____1____(decide) to put a suggestion box in his classroom, though he wasn't quite sure ____2____the box would yield. The result was not so much suggestions as appeals ____3____kindness. From "Lots of people don't mind their own business" to "I am stressed out because everybody keeps arguing about little things," there was a class-wide desire for compassion, even if there is no clear sense of how to get it.
As a new teacher, my son is routinely surprised by things his 9-year-old students do, but more than anything he is surprised by how badly they treat one another. The children want to be on the receiving end of kindness but have trouble ____4____(hand) it out. On a daily basis, they ____5____(trip) up by three obstacles: lack of impulse control, thoughtlessness; and difficulty with forgiveness or letting things go.
The episode reminds me of the well-known Henry James quote: "Three things in human life are important. The first is to be kind. The second is to be kind. And the third is to be kind." I think of these words when I'm with my kids, or just being a human in our world, struggling to understand ____6____kindness is learned or innate(與生俱來的), or a little bit of both. Shortly after last year's election, I bought a book called On Kindness. The authors also present a tour of kindness through the ages, from the Stoics through today, ____7____ yields one surprising truth: kindness, which seems immutable(永恒不變的) a part of the human experience as love or hate, joy or sorrow, is subject to cultural shifts, governed by the thinking and mood of the age.
Published back in 2009, On Kindness ends on something of a down note when it gets to our modern times. In our____8____(strive) for success, we have become so individualistic, too selfish, loath to admit that we are dependent on anyone, which brings me back to my eldest son. Twenty-two years old, he is all too aware of what gets lost in growing up, and so he wrestles daily with how to promote and sustain a feeling of kindness in his classroom, for these children who are our future. His students are extremely sympathetic when one of ____9____peers is upset. "They are very good at comforting each other," my son recently told me. "But it's like they _____10_____ destroy each other first."
【答案】1. decided
2. what 3. for
4. handing 5. are tripped
6. whether 7. which
8. striving
9. their 10. have to
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文中作者通過大兒子決定在他的教室里放一個(gè)意見箱的行為，感到孩子們想成為善良的接受者，但卻很難把它傳遞出去。
【1題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：幾個(gè)星期前，我的大兒子決定在他的教室里放一個(gè)意見箱，盡管他不太確定這個(gè)意見箱能帶來什么。他在一所公立小學(xué)教四年級(jí)，這是他第一年。根據(jù)上文A few weeks ago可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填decided。
【2題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意：幾個(gè)星期前，我的大兒子決定在他的教室里放一個(gè)意見箱，盡管他不太確定這個(gè)意見箱能帶來什么。他在一所公立小學(xué)教四年級(jí)，這是他第一年？仗幰龑(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。
3題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：結(jié)果與其說是建議，不如說是呼吁友善。結(jié)合句意表示“呼吁”可知短語為appeal for。故填for。
【4題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：孩子們想成為善良的接受者，但卻很難把它傳遞出去。此處為短語have trouble (in) doing sth.，應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填handing。
【5題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在日常生活中，他們會(huì)遇到三個(gè)障礙：缺乏沖動(dòng)控制、考慮不周和很難原諒或放手。根據(jù)上文On a daily basis可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語與謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為they，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填are tripped。
【6題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意：當(dāng)我和我的孩子們在一起的時(shí)候，或者只是作為一個(gè)人在我們的世界里，努力理解善良是習(xí)得的還是天生的，或者兩者兼而有之的時(shí)候，我就會(huì)想起這些話。空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中不缺少成分，表示“是……還是……”短語為whether…or…。故填whether。
7題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：作者還介紹了從斯多葛學(xué)派到今天的歷代仁慈之旅，其中產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)令人驚訝的事實(shí)：仁慈似乎是人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)中不可改變的一部分，就像愛或恨、快樂或悲傷一樣，它受到文化轉(zhuǎn)變的影響，受到時(shí)代的思維和情緒的支配。此處為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞a tour of kindness，先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，故用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。
【8題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在我們追求成功的過程中，我們變得如此個(gè)人主義，太自私，不愿承認(rèn)我們依賴于任何人，這讓我回到了我的大兒子。空處作賓語，且為動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“形容詞性物主代詞+動(dòng)名詞”。故填striving。
【9題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：當(dāng)他們其中一個(gè)同學(xué)感到沮喪時(shí)，他的學(xué)生非常同情。此處指students的同學(xué)，應(yīng)用their。故填their。
【10題詳解】
考查固定短語。句意：但好像他們必須先摧毀對(duì)方。結(jié)合句意表示“必須”短語為have to。故填have to。
